“Ye have the Poor always with you” is a truism which was more frequently brought home to the Olney townspeople years ago than now. Towards the beginning of the 18th century the workhouse and work house yard occupying that part of High Street South, now known as Tory Row, were under the superintendence of Mr Matthew Marriott. At that time workhouses were very popular and those supervised by this gentleman had the distinction of reducing the poor’s rates at least 50 per cent. In transcribing the parish records I found the following curious report entered in the last parchment register, which will give a good insight into this bygone domicile.

"The following extracts are taken from a book without a title page, published apparently about the year 1726, and now in possession of William Andrews, Esquire, of this place. The book contains an account of a great number of Workhouses which were established in various parts of the country from the year 1720 to 1725 inclusive; many of which were instituted under the direction and occasional superintendence of Mr Matthew Marriott, of Olney.

Olney in Bucks, Dec. 31, 1724.

Sir. The first design of this Workhouse was that the expenses of the parish in the maintaining their poor might be contracted, and that the Poor receiving collection might be more effectually provided for.

As to reducing the expenses of the parish, the Poor’s Rates, before the erecting of this workhouse, were three shilling and ninepence in the pound, and are now reduced to one and ninepence.

To bring this about, the Town in the first place purchased a piece of ground adjoining to an House belonging before to the Poor, which purchase was about forty pounds; the whole is now reckoned worth £150 including the worth of the Poor’s House before.

To see that due Orders are kept in the Workhouse, a Master is provided to superintend it, whose business is to keep the poor at their work, to see to the buying in and dressing the provisions, to give an account of the work done, and what is expended. This Master is maintained out of the provision of the house, and a salary allowed him of £16 per annum.

The work which is done ordinarily in the House (the inhabitants being most of them old) comes now to about 15s. a week, which is given to the Parish Officers, as a part of what is to contribute to the maintaining of them.

The persons admitted into the Workhouse, are admitted by the consent of the Parish first obtained; and having been found too poor to subsist independently of some help, are there maintained, after having first delivered up all their goods into the Parish Officer’s hands.

The Parish provides them with all necessary clothing besides diet, and keeps them when sick in a more comfortable manner.

The number of poor in the Workhouse, is sometimes greater and sometimes less, but is generally about thirty, and the meat, drink, washing, firing, &c., is reckoned at about thirty shillings a week.

The Persons belonging to the Workhouse are supposed to be such as are like to be a continual Parish charge; for as to those who are only contingently so by sickness happening to them, they have Helps allowed them during the continuance of those unfortunate circumstances, by which they were reduced.

The poor of the House have hot meat twice a week, they are allowed cheese, their bread is two parts wheat to one of barley; and for their small beer two bushels are allowed to the hogshead.

If any claims a right to a constant share in the poor’s collection and refuses to accept it upon the terms of being admitted into the Workhouse he is refused the collection he asks.

It is owing to the erecting of this Workhouse, that several hands which would be either otherwise idle, or ill employed in the breaking hedges and such like acts of dishonesty, are commendably engaged in labours innocent, useful, and advantageous.

What is received for the work every week, is weekly set down; as is also what is weekly expended; at the foot of which account the difference is computed and how much the Town is every week out of Purse.


An extract of the Orders in the Workhouse of Olney

That no person shall be put into the House to be there kept, without a licence under the hands of five of the chiefest Freeholders and Inhabitants of the said parish, and the hands of the Overseers of the Poor, and of as many more of the rest of the Freeholders and Inhabitant’s hands as will sign the same.

That if any person shall come into the said House themselves, or bring in any child or children to be there kept, without such licence as above named, they shall be sent to BridewelI, and further punished.

That if any person refuse to work orderly, and so many hours as the Master of the House shall command them, they shall be sent to the House of correction.

That if any person will not work, pretending to be sick, which may be discovered by their stomachs or otherwise, they shall be severely punished.

That if any person shall go a begging or charing, that is kept in the said house, they shall be sent to Bridewell.

That if any person sell any thing or goods that are seized by the Overseers of the Poor, they shall be punished as the law directs.

That the Poor people in the Workhouse, if of healthful bodies, and able shall in Summer rise at 5 or before that time, and go to bed at 9.

That if anyone in the Workhouse shall convey, take, or steal, either wood, coals, clothes, lace, or any thing belonging to the Workhouse, or anybody else there, they shall be punished as the law directs, with the utmost severity.

That if any person shall presume to cut off the seal affixed to the end of their lace, they shall be severely punished.

That on Saturday in every week, at four o’clock in the afternoon, the Overseers of the Poor shall meet, and the Freeholders and Inhabitants, who are willing, may meet, to adjust the week’s accounts for the Poor, enquire how the Poor in the House are used, and whether any abuses have been there committed, and what else is needful to be done for the week ensuing.

That the Master of the Workhouse shall every week, at the end of his receipts, set down in writing all the disorders committed in the House that week, that the offenders may be examined by the Freeholders and Inhabitants, and punished as they deserve."

In addition to the above, the Great House, illustrated on page 14. was also used for such purposes. In this instance the male inmates were clothed in coarse white flannel swallow-tailed coats, leather breeches, and a dogskin cap.

The Pay Book of the Poor has many curious entries, for instance there are the following items: Nov. 27, 1812, Susan Freeman attending Jas. Putten’s leg, 4/-; Jan. 19, 1813, Bet at the Bull, 2/-; March 2, 1813, Shaving Mary Gutteridge’s head, 4/3; March 23, 1813, Caution money for Chimney Sweep, 21/6; etc. The Poor’s accounts were kept, for some time, by Timothy Brice, one of the overseers. His entries of the tradesmen’s bills for the month of November 1812, are fairly representative, and are:

1812. Novr. £ s d


£ s d

A County Rate
Thos. Dumvile’s-Baker Bill
Jo Todd’s Do
John Soul's Do
Wm Pool Do
Thos. Davidson Do
Miss Griggs - Butcher’s Bill
Wm Griggs - Do
Js Harrold - Coal Bill
Parish of Strattons for J Clark
Do Newporte - Witnee
Thos Burman - Draper’s Bill

8 4 0
5 13 4
5 19 4
5 19 0
5 19 0
5 19 0
8 8 7
8 9 0
7 0 0
5 10 0
2 5 0
1 18 1


John White.-Potatoe Do
Do. Stow’s Cloath
Do. Scott’s Do
John Limbree’s - Shoe Bill
Steven Freeman’s Potatoe Do
Samuel Robinson Do
Wm. Rogers - Small Beer Do
Do. Edmond Hill
Mrs. MacDonold’s -Cloath Do
Parson & Clark Do

Total in November

2 5 0
4 0
1 14 0
1 3 6
1 16 0
1 2 6
2 9 0
1 14 9
1 3 6
7 0 0

£85 3 7


The following appended copy of the Monthly Levy or Poor’s Rate of a hundred year ago, will probably be interesting to many of the older readers of this book as it will bring back to their memory the old inhabitants at the time of their childhood. And to those, at the present time, interested in parish matters it will illustrate the difference between what we pay and what our ancestors a century ago were called upon monthly. Just fancy Mr Mantel with his little black bag and his gracious smile and “Have a drink,” once a month.

“At a Vestry held at Olney in the County of Bucks the 12th Day of February 1808, the following Levy of One Shilling in the pound was Granted to Timothy Brice and John Raban, Overseers of the Poor, for the relief of the Poor of the said Parish.”

JOS HARROLD

Church Wardens: HY F0ULKES, THOS WORLEY , TIMOTHY BRICE, JOHN RABAN
Oversees of the Poor: J ANDREWS, GEO RABAN, WM BOSWELL, WM ALLEN

Monthly Levy or Poor's Rate - 1808


£ s d


£ s d

The Revd Mr Stephenson,
Close, Rushy, MeadowJos Harrold, my Lord’s land,
malting, Town Close
Thomas Forster
Mrs Rivis
Mr Todd, Close & Rushy
Mr Sampel, Malting
Mrs Sampel
Mr Hubbard
Mr Elston
Mr James Andrews

Mr Corby
Mr Wm Raban, Market Place
Mr White, empty
Mr Jno. Wagstaff, Close
Mrs Brookes
John Lord, Water & Malting
Mr Hardwick, 2½ Comm in pasture
Elizth Wooding
Wm Griggs
Mrs Brown

Mr E Aspray
Hugh Marshall
Chas Silsby
John Griggs
John Field (Filgrove)
Mr Nichols, Stow’s and Close
Wm Dunton, 1½ Comm in
pasture & 2½ Commons
Francis Perkins
Elizth Tailby
Richd Lord

John Brittain
Johnson
Saml Raban
Sam Robinson
Thomas Jackson
Widw Timbrel, excus’d
Eli Chater
John Worker
John Robinson
Wm Allen, Meadw & Hill

Thomas Creamer
Messrs Raban, York’s land
and Rushy
John Banister
Thos Humphreys
Henry Mason
Saml Thompson
Mr John Thompson
Mr Robt Andews, Close &
Folly, Mr Pedley
Mrs Smith

Mrs Wikes
Mr Worley, Meadow & Hill
James Chater
Mr Wilson
Mrs Gray, excus’d
Mr John Morgan, for land
Mr Wm Andrews, late Soles
land late Slayter’s Hatch Green
& Barn
John Tarry
James Perkins
Late Marriott’s, empty

Wm Smith & Barn
John Davison, Rushy
Geo Cobb
Mr Coles
Do Johnson’s Close
Mr James Clarke, late Perry’s land & Slayter’s land
Mrs Hull
Mr Jno Raban, orchard
Mr Garrard, orchard
John Soul

Revd Mr Sutcliff, late Jno
Raban’s
Thomas Litchfield
Thomas Watts
E Palmer
Mr John Soul, Rushy
James Thompkins
Slater Grigg’s, empty
Mrs James
John Coulson
Mr Parker

Wm Griggs, Close
Mrs Tindon, 4 Commons in
Pasture, Rushy
Mr John Talbot
Mr Haddon
Geo Morgan, Close & Rushy
John Knight
Wm Poole
Thomas Dunton, Garden
John Palmer
Mr Grondon
Danl Warren
Mr Lermittee

Thomas Harris
Wm Law
John Smith
Geo Hollingshead
Widw Bass
Thomas Robinson
Thomas Davison
James Butcher
Thomas Whitmee
Mr James Johnson 5¼
Commons in pasture, his own
close, Lord Dartmouth’s
Land, Bletsoe’s Land, late
S & Geo Raban’s

Mr Thos Osborn, 5 Commons
in pasture, Drayton’s Land
Thomas Babbington, Tan Yard
3½ Commons in pasture,
Dropshort
Willm Tunn

2 11 0

9 16 6

9 0
7 0
15 0
11 3
3 0
6 0
3 3
5 3

4 0
1 0 0

1 10 0
4 9
12 0
18 0

1 0
3 0
1 0

9 6
2 3
1 0
2 9
1 0
18 9
1 5 9

1 0
5 3
1 0

1 0
1 0
4 6
1 6
1 0

1 6
1 0
1 6
1 11 6

2 0
11 10 0

2 0 0
6 0
6 9
3 0
1 0 0
15 6

7 6

1 6
2 3 0
6 0
6 0

1 14 0
6 10 6


2 0
1 0


6 0
7 0
2 0
13 0
5 0
1 13 9

5 0
11 0
1 3 0
1 6

10 6

6 6
1 0
1 0
8 3
2 0

2 0
6 0
6 0

7 6
1 6 9

8 0
8 0
12 3
4 0
1 7½
3 9
1 0
7 0
2 0
6 0

3 3
4 3
1 0
1 6
2 0
3 6
3 6
6 0
6 5 0
6 11 11





12 11 0

13 3


1 0

John Whitmee, Farm, pasture,
Andrews
J Crouch
Wm Luck
Fras Freer
Robt White
Timothy Lineham
Peter Perkins

Wm Bowden, Cheese House,
Lord Dartmouth’s Land, Rushy,
2½ Commons in pasture
Wm Raban
Abm Wright
Jos Putman, Dayton’s Close
John Thompson
John Osborn
Hubbard
Litchfield
Mr Lewis
John Bowden

Thomas Whitmee
John Carter
Wm Marshall
Saml Litchfield, 3 Commons in
pasture, Rushy
Saml Asprey
Geo Knight, Rushy
- Hardwicke, Pasture
James Herbert
Mrs Robinson
Thomas Bowden

James Herbert
Mr Thos Talbot
Richard Mayes
Michl Hind
John Tompkins, Rushy
Revd Mr Hillyer
John Milward
John Limbrey
Wm Clarke
Mr Mason

Mr James Abraham
Mrs Gee
Mrs Palmer, a close
Wm Plowman
John Soul
John Cobb
Henry Foulkes, Malting, Rushy
Nursery, Carey’s Land,
Handcombe Close
C Gill

John Willis, Rushy, Close
Mr Wm Wagstaff
Jos Slayter
Revd Mr Ousby
Mr Cuthbertson
Mrs Harrold
Mr Fennell, Close
John Andrews, Garden
Thos Berrill
Mrs Revis

Wm Raban, Rushy
Lau Spencer
Wm Smith (Grocer)
Geo Griggs, Ld Dartmouth’s Ld
Rodwell, Brittain’s & Pasture
Thomas Taylor
Mr Smith
Mrs Lovell, Elm Acre
Mrs Smith
Mr Moxon

Messrs Sloan
MrsPitts
Mrs King
Mrs Monday
Wm Rollins
Wm Knight
Michl Hind
Edwd Simco
Robt Spencer
Tho Gates

Jos Mead
Tho Harrison
Tho Aspray
Mr Kilingworth
Doctor Aspray
Jos T Palmer, Swan & Pasture
Mr E Abraham
Mrs Rickett
Mr Emmerton
John Bannister

J H Talbot, Hide
E Negus
James Andrews
Charles Wagstaff
Edmd Dumvile
Charles Amos
Widow Reynolds
Thos Dumvile, Pasture
Edw Lambert
John White

Miss Marriotts
Mr Brice
Thos Tompkins
Thos Walkman
Wm Blower
Thos Hannah
Robt York
John Day
Wm York, 2¼ Commons
Mr R Gardner, Close, orchard


Total for the month £175 3 10

13th February 1808.
Allowed by us

W PRAED
J MEAKIN
7 17 3

4 0
1 0
1 6
1 0
5 0 0
5 0

7 0 0


4 0
4 0
6 6
1 0
1 0
1 0
2 0
6 0
1 0

1 0
1 0
2 6
12 3

1 0
9 0
4 0
3 0
4 0
4 3

3 6
7 0
1 6
5 0
18 0
4 6
2 3
4 6
3 6
6 0

13 0
16 6
19 6
6 0
5 3
5 0
2 18 0


5 6

1 6 0
9 9
4 0
6 3
13 0
12 3
18 6
5 3
3 1½
9 3

8 6
2 3
8 3
8 0 3

2 0
5 0
1 3 9
11 7½
4 3

3 0
3 0
4 0
5 3
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0

1 0
1 0
2 0
7 0
10 0
2 9 9
7 4½
6 0
8 0
2 0

1 7 6
3 0
4 0
5 3
5 8
1 0
1 0
9 9
3 0
1 0

4 0
8 10½
2 0
3 7½
3 0
1 9 0
9 15 0
10 13 0
3 6
1 3 0










The call upon the ratepayers for five consecutive months was £174/13/ 10, £175/13/10, £175/3/10, £174/16/4, and £174/17/4.


Accompanying photographs added by Oliver Ratcliff

Emberton Church

The Ouse at Newton Bossomville

The Knobs at Weston underwood

Weston Underwood Church

Ravenstone Almshouses

Ravenstone Church

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